Morw than one logo

i realy don’t understand your construct – but you can change logo for pages , categories , posts, etc if you know something about conditional phrases in wordpress.

a single post got a categorie – if you like to change all logos for single post with a given category use

add_filter('avf_logo','av_change_logo_for_categories');
function av_change_logo_for_categories($logo){
    if( is_single() && in_category( 'slider1' ) )  {
    	$logo = "https://webers-testseite.de/wp-content/uploads/layerslider/Parallax-Slider/truc.png"; 
    }
    return $logo;
}

you can modify this with a lot of elseif rules and for pages , page arrays etc. pp like:

add_filter('avf_logo','av_change_logo');
function av_change_logo($logo){
    if( is_page(21) ) {
        $logo = "http://www.domain.com/wp-content/uploads/logo21.jpg"; 
    }
  
    elseif ( is_page( array( 42, 54, 6 ) ) ) {
        $logo = "http://www.domain.com/wp-content/uploads/logo22.jpg"; 
    }

    elseif ( is_category( 'slider1' ) )  {
        $logo = "http://www.domain.com/wp-content/uploads/logo23.jpg"; 
    }

    elseif( is_single() && in_category( 'slider1' ) )  {
        $logo = "http://www.domain.com/wp-content/uploads/logo24.jpg"; 
    }
    return $logo;
}

all single posts with category: slider1 will get logo24
if you got a list of posts of category slider1 ( has_category) logo23