When I disabled the plugin “Broken Link Checker” everything worked fine. So it was this plugin what caused the problem for me!
I have the same problem and i did some research:
On a clean WordPress install (without enfold activated) everything was working fine. When I activate Enfold everything went really slow. And all my page where gone. When I enabled debugging i saw that WordPress was throwing database error “WordPress database error: [MySQL server has gone away]”.
I think something went wrong inside the theme but I have no clue where