Help with Post TEMPLATE (using the templates inside the advanced editor)

Josue helped me with how we want our categories to show in the list… I am trying to find out if the part that goes in the excerpt below can be somehow saved in the post template… so when you use that template there is already code (which is just the image code and the text from the post) in that excerpt part.

I also need some space between the posts in the category lists (by that I mean, we use the category as a menu item so if someone clicks on New Listings they get all posts with that saved as a category) because it is confusing now without space.

And when those show, they go flush to the side of the page, can I add some padding there but not on the PAGES? So padding for posts in category view but not pages?