Shortcode not working after latest update

I have a page that does only one thing: Displaying (the return value of) a shortcode.

This shortcode (“[otherpost]”) reads user_metadata, calls a specific post-ID (from a custom post type OR a post), and displays this content as well as a form (that saves user_metadata). To display the content of this post, I do this ($contentid is the value I get from user_metadata and this is a valid post-ID):

$content = apply_filters( 'avia_builder_precompile', get_post_meta( $contentid, '_aviaLayoutBuilderCleanData', true) );
 $content = apply_filters( 'the_content', $content );
 $content = apply_filters( 'avf_template_builder_content', $content);

Here, I add my form-code (which is a super simple “POST” and is dealt with elsewhere).

Then I return everything with do_shortcode( $content ).

This worked nicely, until I updated Enfold to the newest version. Now, this code runs for a very long time and returns an empty page. The culprit – I have tried it out – starts with the precompile-filter. Returning simple form-data or other HTML directly is no problem at all.

How could I make this shortcode work again?