Portfolio: Single-Entry-View with list of all assigned categories

Hello there,
i want to display all assigned categories of a portfolio entry.
I’ve found that snipped, which is working very well. But i have to exclude some categories.
Is it possible to extend this snipped with a list of category-ids to be excluded?

Thank you very much…

function avs_custom_categories_shortcode() {
	$terms = get_the_terms( get_the_ID(), 'portfolio_entries' );
 
	$output = "Produkt-Kategorie:&nbsp"._('Kategorie: ', 'avia_framework')."";
	foreach ( $terms as $term ) {
	
		// The $term is an object, so we don't need to specify the $taxonomy.
		$term_link = get_term_link( $term );
		
		// If there was an error, continue to the next term.
		if ( is_wp_error( $term_link ) ) {
			continue;
		}
	
		// We successfully got a link. Print it out.
		$output .= '<a href="' . esc_url( $term_link ) . '">' . $term->name . '</a>';
	}

	return $output;
}

add_shortcode('the_post_categories', 'avs_custom_categories_shortcode');